Rosacea

Rosacea can affect individuals of all ages and skin types, but certain groups are more susceptible. It is more prevalent among adults between the ages of 30 and 50, particularly women. Those with a family history of rosacea are at a higher risk, as genetics are believed to play a role. Additionally, people with fair skin, light hair, and blue eyes are more likely to develop rosacea, though it can also appear in individuals with other skin tones.

Rosacea manifests in several forms, and understanding these types is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. The main types include:

Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea (ETR):

• Characterized by persistent redness and flushing, along with visible blood vessels (telangiectasia).
• This is the most common form and often the first stage of rosacea.

Papulopustular Rosacea:

• Known for redness along with acne-like breakouts, including small, red, pus-filled bumps.
• This type is sometimes mistaken for acne, but it does not present with blackheads.

Phymatous Rosacea:

• Leads to skin thickening and a bumpy texture due to enlargement of the sebaceous (oil) glands of the skin, most commonly affecting the nose (rhinophyma).
• This form is more common in men than women.

Ocular Rosacea:

• Affects the eyes, causing redness, dryness, irritation, and a sensation of grittiness.
• In some cases, ocular rosacea can occur before any skin symptoms develop.

Perioral Dermatitis

• Considered by some to be a variant of rosacea and responds to same treatments
• Most commonly affects young women with acne breakouts around the mouth
• Often associated with the prior use of topical steroids

The exact cause of rosacea is still unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Some of the potential triggers and contributing factors include:

• Genetics: A family history of rosacea increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
• Immune System: Abnormalities in the immune system may lead to an overreaction to certain environmental triggers.
• Microorganisms: The presence of Demodex mites, which live on human skin, has been associated with rosacea. Additionally, a bacterium known as Helicobacter pylori is sometimes linked to the condition.
• Environmental Triggers: Sun exposure, heat, spicy foods, alcohol, stress, and wind are common triggers that can worsen rosacea symptoms.
• Vascular Factors: Issues with blood vessels may contribute to the persistent redness seen in rosacea.

At Palo Alto Dermatology Institute, we understand that every patient’s skin is unique, which is why we offer personalized treatment plans to address rosacea. While there is no cure, a variety of treatments can help control and minimize the symptoms, allowing patients to manage their condition effectively.

Topical Medications:

Prescription creams and gels can reduce redness, inflammation, and pimples. Common ingredients include metronidazole, azelaic acid, and ivermectin. These medications help to calm the skin and reduce flare-ups.

Oral Antibiotics:

For more severe cases, oral antibiotics, such as doxycycline, can be effective in reducing inflammation. These are usually prescribed for a short period to manage acute symptoms.

Laser and Light Therapies:

Laser treatments, such as intense pulsed light (IPL), Excel V and VersaPulse, can target visible blood vessels and reduce redness. These therapies can be especially beneficial for patients with persistent redness and visible capillaries.

Lifestyle and Skin Care Adjustments:

Identifying and avoiding triggers is a critical aspect of managing rosacea. Patients are advised to use gentle skin care products, sun protection, and avoid known triggers like spicy foods and alcohol.

Eye Care:

For those with ocular rosacea, proper eye hygiene, along with medications such as eye drops or oral antibiotics, can help alleviate symptoms.