Skin Conditions
At Palo Alto Dermatology Institute, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive care for a range of common skin conditions, each with unique characteristics and treatment approaches. Below is an overview of some frequently encountered skin conditions.
Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is a reaction to substances that irritate the skin or trigger an allergic response. Symptoms typically include redness, itching, and blisters, which appear after direct contact with the triggering substance. Common culprits are soaps, fragrances, and certain plants like poison ivy. Treatment often involves identifying and avoiding the irritant, along with using medicated creams to reduce inflammation and discomfort.
Eczema
Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and dry patches of skin. Often beginning in childhood, eczema can persist into adulthood and may flare up periodically. Triggers can include environmental factors, stress, and certain allergens. Treatments may include moisturizing routines, topical corticosteroids, light therapy, systemic medications, and lifestyle modifications to reduce exposure to irritants.
Rosacea (Acne Rosacea)
Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that primarily affects the face, causing redness, visible blood vessels, and, in some cases, small bumps that resemble acne. Rosacea can be triggered by various factors, such as sun exposure, stress, and spicy foods. Although there is no cure for rosacea, treatment options—including topical and oral medications—can help manage symptoms and minimize flare-ups. Vascular laser treatments can improve facial redness and broken capillaries.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that accelerates skin cell production, leading to red, scaly patches on the skin, commonly on the elbows, knees, and scalp. These patches can be itchy and sometimes painful. While there is no cure for psoriasis, treatments such as topical therapies, phototherapy, excimer laser, and systemic medications can reduce inflammation and control flare-ups.
Warts
Warts are benign growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They often appear on the hands and feet but can develop anywhere on the body. Warts are generally harmless, though they can be contagious and may cause discomfort. Treatment options include cryotherapy (freezing), topical treatments, immunologic treatments, laser, and in some cases, minor surgical procedures to remove persistent warts.
Acne
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. It can affect people of all ages but is most common during adolescence due to hormonal changes. Acne can range from mild to severe, and treatment options include topical and oral medications, lifestyle adjustments, and in-office procedures such as chemical peels or laser therapy.
Melasma
Melasma is a skin condition characterized by dark, discolored patches on the skin, primarily on the face. It is more common in women and often triggered by hormonal changes, sun exposure, or certain medications. Treatments for melasma typically focus on sun protection, topical depigmenting agents, and procedures like chemical peels or laser therapy to lighten affected areas.
Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with three main forms: basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and melanoma. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are usually caused by prolonged sun exposure and are less likely to spread, while melanoma is more aggressive and can be life-threatening if not detected early. Regular skin checks, both at home and with a dermatologist, are essential for early detection. Treatment options vary and may include surgical excision, Mohs surgery, and in some cases, radiation or chemotherapy.
Alopecia
Alopecia, or hair loss, can manifest in several forms, each with unique causes and patterns. Common types of alopecia that dermatologists frequently diagnose and treat include:
- Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition that leads to patchy hair loss, often resulting in small, round bald spots on the scalp or other areas of the body. The immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, leading to hair loss. While the condition can sometimes resolve on its own, treatments like corticosteroid injections or topical immunotherapy may help promote regrowth.
- Androgenetic alopecia, also known as male or female pattern baldness, is the most common form of hair loss. In men, it often presents as a receding hairline and thinning on the crown, while in women, it typically manifests as diffuse thinning across the scalp. Androgenetic alopecia is hereditary and influenced by hormones. Treatments may include topical minoxidil, oral medications, and hair transplant procedures.
- Traction alopecia results from prolonged tension on the hair follicles, often due to hairstyles that pull tightly on the scalp, such as braids, ponytails, or extensions. This type of hair loss is preventable and, in its early stages, reversible by changing styling habits. In more severe cases, treatments such as PRP injections or hair transplantation may be needed to restore lost hair.
- Telogen effluvium is a temporary form of hair loss that occurs when a large number of hair follicles enter the resting (telogen) phase simultaneously. It can be triggered by physical or emotional stress, illness, hormonal changes, or certain medications. Unlike other forms of alopecia, telogen effluvium usually resolves on its own as the hair cycle returns to normal, but topical or nutritional support may help accelerate recovery.
From minor skin concerns to complex skin disorders like skin cancer, we are here to help. At Palo Alto Dermatology Institute, our dermatology team is committed to offering personalized care for each of these conditions, utilizing the latest diagnostic tools and treatment options to help patients achieve optimal skin health. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and receive the correct diagnosis and all your treatment options.